Reformed Theology

What Is Reformed Theology?

Reformed theology — sometimes called Calvinism or the Doctrines of Grace — is not an invention of John Calvin but a faithful recovery of the apostolic gospel. The Reformers of the 16th century did not create new doctrines; they excavated the ancient truth buried beneath centuries of Roman Catholic tradition and returned the church to the authority of Scripture alone (Sola Scriptura).

At its heart, Reformed theology holds that salvation is entirely of God. From election before the foundation of the world, to the effectual call of the Holy Spirit, to the preservation of the saints in glory — God is the author, sustainer, and finisher of our faith. This is not theological pride but the humbling recognition that we contribute nothing to our own redemption except the sin that made it necessary.

The Five Solas

The five solas define the Reformation's recovery of the gospel:

• Sola Scriptura — Scripture alone is the supreme authority for faith and practice.
• Sola Gratia — Salvation is by grace alone, not human merit.
• Sola Fide — Justification is through faith alone, not works.
• Solus Christus — Christ alone is our mediator and redeemer.
• Soli Deo Gloria — All glory belongs to God alone.

The Doctrines of Grace (TULIP)

The five points of Calvinism, summarized by the acronym TULIP, are not independent points to be accepted or rejected à la carte. They form an interlocking system that stands or falls together — a chain of salvation that begins and ends with God.

• T — Total Depravity: Man is dead in sin and cannot seek God on his own.
• U — Unconditional Election: God chose the elect based on His sovereign will, not foreseen faith.
• L — Limited Atonement: Christ's atoning work effectively secures salvation for the elect.
• I — Irresistible Grace: God's effectual call cannot ultimately be refused by the elect.
• P — Perseverance of the Saints: All whom God saves, He preserves to final glory.

Study the Doctrines of Grace